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May 18 Cultural and Communication PatternsCultural and Communication Patterns
Class One Nil·Lopéz 0601207
As I have mentioned, I belong to the cultural group named “Lahu”, one of 56 nationalities of China. With the large number of Han nationality moving into the Lahu area, we have got the benefits of the advanced culture, manufacturing technique and manufacturing tools, hence the economic and cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent. We Lahus have our own cultures clearly differed from the others, in both obvious and subtle ways. Lahu is a term in our national language, “la” means the “tiger” and “hu” means “ to roast the meat”; and then, the name “Lahu” has reflected that we have retained the roasted meat as a long-stand eating customs to some extent. Today, we still use two bamboo sticks to clamp the meat coated with spices and salt and slowly bake the meat over the fire pond, which helps to produce the tasty roasted meat tinted with a nice barbecue color, as “Soft fire makes sweet malt”, or wrap the beast meat with plantain leaves and bury the stuff into the fire. The creation is crisp, tasty ,if accompanied by spicy and hot seasonings, it would provide a perfect appetizer. In the daily life, Lahus like to put vegetables, meat and seasonings along with water into a section of fresh thin bamboo mug, thus the food can gain the faint scent of the bamboo and retain its own original flavor. In addition to that, we Lahu costumes have a unique national style. Men wrap a black turban, wearing big lappet shirt without collar and big wide trousers. Women wrap the ten-feet long turban, whose ends would trail to the waist; they wear robes of a high open seam, both sides of the collar and seam inlaid with colored geometric profile cloth or pieces of cloth stripes, along the collar to the seamed sections there are several inlaid silver bubbles. Lahu men and women used to like to close shave the head, but unmarried women do not shave, while married women have to leave a tress of hair said to be “the hair of soul” to show the distinction between male and female. Most young women now have let their hair grow and braided, while the Lahu women living in remote mountain areas obey shaving customs, because they believe it is healthy, comfortable, and also a symbol of beauty. Both men and women wear silver chaplets, earrings, bracelets, and most women also wear the silver breastplates. Despites these obvious differences, there are more shared interpretations to disclose:
I． Cultural value orientations An activity orientation defines how the people of a culture view human actions and the expression of self through activities. Lahu culture is with a “being” orientation, most Lahus believe that all events are determined by fate and are therefore inevitable. It is quite important to be engaged in activities in order to be a “good” member of Lahu, which helps to enhance the sense of community and solidarity. Interpersonal communication is characterized by being together rather than by accomplishing specific tasks, and there is generally greater balance between work and play. After hunting, the trophies would be distributed to each family to ensure that everyone can get the “lucky portion”. However, more and more aggressive youngsters have been performing with a “becoming” or “doing” orientation to step out the mountain areas and breathe in the modern air outside. As a highly educated college student, I have gradually adapted to the Shanghai life, recognized the benefits and fun that accumulation and proliferation of knowledge. I have noticed that “doing” is the dominant characteristic of Han people. Some of my fellow students are locals, the so called Shanghailanders. They see work and study as a separate activity from play and an end in itself. Once a peer from Shanghai told me she would go abroad to grasp every opportunity to study and experience, whereas I don’t think I would do this when I am still a student, lacking of money and support. They are living in a striving culture, always seek to change and control what is happening to them. I have to admit that some of them over perform students from other regions; they keep fighting on, working hard and not giving up. As to the social relations orientation, respecting and loving the elderly is our universal moral norms. Their beds are set up in the warmest area of a house; they are certainly the ones who sit in the middle of the dinner table; the younger people should not walk back and forth in front of them; and no one is supposed to interrupt them while they are giving a speech. Even the young village chief should show utmost respect towards the elderly, otherwise, he will have the difficulty winning the trust and support. Once any emergency turns up, the whole village comes to help, no matter it is during daily production and life, or building a house, holding weddings and funerals. If there is any occasional friction or misunderstanding of neighbors or between friends, the delivery of a grass cigar or a cup of wine will enough to make it up. No gossips. The selfish villain is undesirable. Although people from other cultures behave partly the same over social relations orientation, the people from Shanghai, like most Han people, don’t attach so much importance on the elderly. They do respect and love the old members, but they won’t consider them better or superior to others merely because of their ages. In Shanghai, the city consists of Han people in most part, the intellectuals and talents count and talk. What’s more, Caution or moderation, as in behavior or outlook, is avoided. They believe “The early bird catches the worm”, and not so highly value that saving face and maintaining interpersonal harmony would be catastrophic to confront another person directly and verbally express anger; they prefer independence and a minimum number of obligations and responsibilities. Ever time, they want to show their face and stand on their own feet. Self-orientation describes how people’s identities are formed, whether the culture views the self as changeable, what motivates individual actions, and the kinds of people who are valued and respected. When a Lahu baby is born, he is taught to be a Lahu, to behave as a Lahu,, whereas many Han people, especially the children born in Shanghai, are encouraged to make their own decisions and thus attain some uniqueness subconsciously. Lahu live in mountain because our ancestors find mountain areas a perfect place to reproduce and live a serene life, whereas most Han people strive to be “better” because they believe people can change, and they set their own goals and identify the means necessary to achieve external success in the form of possessions, positions, and the power. But once an emergency turns up, all the Lahus will come to help because we think it is our duty to help each other with a powerful motivator. Will the Han people do the same thing under the same circumstances? Cultural pattern also tells Lahu people how to locate ourselves in relation to the spiritual world, nature, and other living things. We live in an interactive state with the natural and spiritual world. Especially in our tea culture, we hold that we are blessed by Nature with tea and only people with inherent talent can infuse a nice cup of tea. The god has blessed us with verdant hills and green waters, and the disease, poverty, and adversity is the punishment from god, we can release ourselves from the grief with more sacrifice and more obedience. Whereas Han people, as the most European Americans, regard nature as something to be manipulated and controlled in order to make human life better. We conceptualize time differently from Han people. We describe the past as most important and are fully aware that we are indebted to our ancestors. Almost all the big festivals are dedicated to memorizing their great deeds. Our pace of life is less hectic, more relaxed and more comfortably paced. Thus, Han people who always look forward and emphasize the future live a high-paced life and have enjoyed a more modernized life than us.
II． Verbal communication norms As we know, language plays a central role in establishing and maintaining the identity of a particular culture. Lahu language is a rare language used by minority residents in Lahu Autonomous Counties on China's Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau along the Lancang(Mekong) River. Lahu language is a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family that includes Tibetan and Burmese, mainly distributes in Simao(Pu’er tea’s hometown), Lincang and Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous region of Yunnan Province. Lahu-na and Lahu-hee are the two dialectal branches. It is also spoken in Myanmar, Thailand and Laos. Lahu language has 29 consonants: p, ph, b, m, f, v, t, th, d, n, l, etc. (In the past, Lahu people used the text in Latin alphabet form created by the Western missionaries. In 1957, the Lahu Pinyin text was created on the basis of the original text.). As Lahu people have long established close contacts with Han and Dai people, most of the Lahu people can also use Chinese and Dai languages. Most Lahus believe in Christianity. If lucky, you can hear we sing hymns in the Lahu language with the sincere voice. The villagers’ singing is very beautiful. In the quartette, there are high yet sweet voices from girls and the relatively low voices from men. Due to the belief, I do not think there is any disharmony, but the kind of unusual beauty. But in some pop music in Han culture, the deafening rock and roll usually makes me sick. No one ought to say inauspicious words especially on the first day of Lunar New Year; beating and scolding dogs is strongly prohibited because we believe the dogs had saved our ancestors. In contrast, Han people won’t prohibit any utterance sedulously. What’s more, Lahu is rich in oral literature, there is a branch called "Tuo Puke" (riddle)in poetry is deeply loved by the mass.
III． Nonverbal communication norms Lahu is a very warm-hearted and hospitable nation. On holidays and festivals, we would invite Dai, Hani, Brown and other majorities around to a grand dinner, drinking together and having “unity meals”. While contacting with each other, Lahu people look directly into each other’s eyes to express the affection and respect. But Han people won’t always look into other’s eyes during the conversation to show their own respect. As a minority, Lahu express their feelings more directly than Han people. To a Han member, a handshake can seem like trespassing if you are meeting for the first time; whereas to a Lahu member, anything less than a hug may come across as chilliness.
IV． Relational communication norms If there are any guests coming to Lahus’ houses, we are to propose a toast with the latest tea. On proposing, generally, the host will drink the first bowl, and then the second bowl is dedicated to the guests to show the good faith that the tea is non-toxic, so that guests are assured. Male and female guests, even they are couple, can not live in the same room while putting up. Outsiders are not allowed to enter the Lahu people's bedrooms. Fire pond is the core of the Lahu families, so you are not leap over it or stampede on the tripod and supporting stone. Lahu people put the respect for the elderly in the premier place: the first bowl of rice is first dedicated to the elderly when having dinner; similarly, we propose the firs toast the aged person. Young people and outsiders can not sit in the middle, where the elderly sits. In addition, the Lahus are Commit no nuisance under the tree (some people living in the remote areas are to do so). During the Torch Festival, one of the most solemn traditional festivals of Lahu, people will hold the lighted torch to the fields, holding the ceremony of cereal soul. When you come across a Lahu family, you are not to talk with them, otherwise you will are thought to disturb the gods and the ghosts. What’s more, during the Torch Festival, the outsiders are not allowed into the stockade. Once a Han man came to visit a Lahu village on the Torch Festival, the usually warm-hearted Lahu people behaved coldly, which was interpreted as coolness by this Han man. What bad cross cultural communication!
High mountains, long distance from the roads, poverty, and the backwardness, those were the features of Lahu areas several years ago. (It took three days even from Kunming to the Lancang County by coach.) In term of population, there are more than 30 million Lahus. However, the number of Lahu literates is very small, not to mention the number of Lahu college students. People almost can not see the report of the Lahu culture through newspapers, radio or television stations. Lahus are looking forward to one day when someone come to understand the Lahu, to publicize the Lahu, hence let the whole China, the whole world learn that there is a minority called Lahu on the high mountain cottage in Yunnan Province. In order to improve our intercultural competence, we Lahu should learn more about the outside and let the outside learn more about us!
December 06 translationIBM Lotus Domino
IBM Lotus Domino服务器软件为协作和需求业务提供了一个多平台基础，不再使用企业信息服务，而是将以网络为基础的交易作为解决方案，或使用介于此两者之间的解决方案。建立这个企业级的通讯和协作系统是为了利用个人、团队以及广泛组织的经验和专业知识以最大限度地提高生产率。
获益： l 在硬件平台、操作系统方面提供了灵活的选择 l 提供业内领先的安全特性，以帮助保护业务关键型信息：Lotus Domino服务器的基础 l 借助于高级集群、事务日志记录、服务器故障恢复和自动诊断工具，最大限度地提高服务器可用性 l 通过高级管理特性--Lotus Notes智能升级和Lotus Domino Policy Based Administration帮助减少与部署和管理基础设施相关的时间和成本 l 允许系统管理员管理垃圾邮件，用户无须再费劲清理 l 通过有效地使用 CPU 资源、网络带宽和磁盘存储器，帮助降低总体拥有成本 (TCO) l 借助于针对业务流程的基于 Lotus Domino 的解决方案（例如服务台、客户关系管理、供应链和项目跟踪），帮助快速获得投资回报 (ROI)。
IBM Lotus Notes
IBM Lotus Notes的客户端软件，将继续为约20年前Lotus界定的市场，建立通讯和协作的创新标准。作为一个集成客户端，Lotus Notes集结了电子邮件、日历和日程安排功能，并为协作应用程序提供了强大的桌面平台。您能够以一个极具吸引力的总体拥有成本来享用先进的功能、可信赖的绩效以及可靠的安全性能。
获益： l 集成了您最有价值的通讯、协作以及个人信息管理（PIM ）资源，如电子邮件、日程和待办事项，让用户随时随地获取信息而不受网络连接限制 l 使用一个入口网页一样的欢迎页面，为用户提供一个统一的接入点，以轻松获取用户工作时的工具、任务和联系人 l 集成Lotus到场感知和即时消息传递功能，以促进与同事的协作，不用另外启动独立的应用程序。 l 通过后续功能和视觉指示器最大化响应度和易用性，在用户已转发或答复电子邮件信息后告知用户 l 提供业界领先的日历和日程安排功能，让用户方便地与在世界各地的同事们进行协作以及会议安排 l 通过最小化的培训需求、终端用户生产率的提高以及内置管理功能（如智能升级）来降低总体拥有成本 IBM Lotus Domino Web Access IBM Lotus Domino Web Access（原Lotus iNotes™ ） 是完善的 Web 客户机，它为终端用户带来了业界领先的 Domino 消息传递和协作功能，这些功能以前只在 Lotus Notes 客户机中可用。借助安全可靠的 IBM Lotus Domino 服务器，我们可以尽情享受这些功能，而这一切只需通过一个 Web 浏览器。无论用户使用 Internet 自助终端还是使用另一位用户的 PC，也无论其联机还是脱机，用户随时都可以经过验证后访问受支持的 Lotus Domino 数据，包括e-mail、日历、任务列表、个人通讯录和记事本。 获益： l 可以从 Linux 桌面访问 Linux™服务器上的 Lotus Domino，体验最前沿的 Linux 端到端协作解决方案。 l 集成到场感知和即时消息传递功能，以促进与同事的协作，不用另外启动独立的应用程序。 l 帮助用户阻止垃圾邮件在邮箱中显示，减少干扰，提高生产率 l 通过快速的、无接触的浏览器访问和部署，以及最小化的培训需求，帮助降低总体拥有成本。 l 提供先进的安全性功能，帮助保护业务关键型信息。 l 通过无与伦比的功能集和易于使用的界面，提供完善的 Web 消息传递和个人信息管理 (PIM) 功能。 l 提供完整的离线支持，通过 Domino Off-Line Services 回复 您的电子邮件或查看日历。
IBM Lotus Domino Access Microsoft Outlook
如果您希望摆脱 Microsoft Exchange，而又不想重新培训用户，IBM Lotus Domino Access Microsoft Outlook提供了一种理想的解决方案。现在，您的雇员可以继续使用原来的 Outlook 客户端收发消息、进行日程安排和计划、管理个人信息，而将 Microsoft Exchange 服务器基础设施替换为可伸缩的、可靠的 Lotus Domino 服务器，它可以在您选择的硬件和操作系统上运行，包括 Linux。 获益：
IBM Lotus Domino Designer 为了满足当今艰巨的业务需求量，你必须找到使你的业务流程更有效率、自动化程度更高也更容易追踪的办法。 IBM Lotus Domino Designer是一种应用程序开发软件，应用程序开发人员和Web 站点设计人员通过它可以创建安全的、能够通过Lotus Notes 或Web 浏览器访问的协作应用程序。开发人员很容易使用表单、视图、网页、框架集、集成的即时消息、XML、Java™、JavaScript 等来创建核心业务解决方案。
获益： l 能够快速构建、测试和部署开放的、具备丰富安全特性的、任务关键型的应用程序。 l 只需点击一下鼠标就可以在Lotus Notes 应用程序中嵌入在线感知和联系人列表，从而提高终端用户的生产率。 l 开放标准的 JavaScript、XML和Java技术提供了足够的平台灵活性，帮助您节省资金。 l 提供了改进的 Java/CORBA 和组件对象模型（COM）类，可以利用已有的编程技巧开发应用程序。 l 提供Lotus Notes和Domino对象模型的纲领性接口和对外应用程序接口
IBM Lotus Enterprise Integrator
IBM Lotus Enterprise Integrator提供高性能、可伸缩的，在Lotus Domino和主持者、关系数据系统相互之间的数据交换。即指即点的界面帮助简化了复杂又艰巨的集成项目，您可以创建并按批批量、实时数据访问，以提供与关联系统（如IBM的DB2®和Oracle database软件，或是企业资源规划系统，如SAP应用程序）的集成。 获益： l 使您能够快速创建帮助提高员工生产率的自动化业务流程解决方案 l 通过支持安装多个IBM Lotus Domino分区以帮助节省时间和金钱 l 允许用户访问和查看 Lotus Domino 服务器内的企业数据，而无需考虑数据的存储位置。 l 降低对使用简单的即指即点开发进行编程的需求。 l 将企业和基于 Lotus Domino 技术的数据统一到一个应用程序中，以利用当前应用程序投资。 l 允许用户通过熟悉的IBM Lotus Notes或网络浏览器接口接入业务流程自动化解决方案
translation workIBM Lotus Domino IBM Lotus Domino server software provides a multiplatform foundation for collaboration and on demand business, driving solutions from corporate messaging to Web-based transactions and virtually everything in between. This enterprise-class messaging and collaboration system is built to maximize human productivity by unleashing the experience and expertise of individuals, teams, and extended communities. Benefits
IBM Lotus Notes IBM Lotus Notes client software continues to set the standard for innovation in the messaging and collaboration market Lotus defined nearly two decades ago. As an integrated collaborative environment, Lotus Notes combines enterprise-class messaging and calendaring as well as scheduling capabilities with a robust platform for collaborative applications. Take advantage of the advanced functionality, reliable performance, and dependable security features, at an attractive total cost of ownership. Benefits:
IBM Lotus Domino Web Access IBM Lotus Domino Access software (formerly Lotus iNotes™) is a sophisticated Web client that gives end users leading Lotus Domino messaging and collaboration features that were previously available only with a Lotus Notes client. Get all of this with the reliability and security features of IBM Lotus Domino server — delivered through a Web browser. Whether one of your users is at an Internet kiosk or another user's PC, and whether online or disconnected from the network, that user can get ubiquitous, authenticated access to supported Lotus Domino data, including e-mail, calendar, to-do list, personal contacts, and notebook. Benefits:
IBM Lotus Domino Access for Microsoft Outlook IBM Lotus Domino Access for Microsoft Outlook software provides an ideal solution for businesses that are looking to migrate away from Microsoft Exchange, but do not want to retrain their desktop users. Now your employees can continue using their existing Microsoft Outlook client, but you can use scalable and reliable Lotus Domino servers on the back end. You can run your messaging environment on the supported hardware platform and operating system of your choice, including Linux. Benefits:
IBM Lotus Domino Designer To meet today's formidable business demands, you need to find ways to make your business processes more efficient, more automated, and easier to follow. IBM Lotus Domino Designer software allows application developers and Web site designers to create security-rich, collaborative applications that can be accessed from Lotus Notes or Web browsers. Developers can easily create core business solutions based on forms, views, pages, framesets, integrated instant messaging, XML, Java™, JavaScript, and much more. Benefits:
IBM Lotus Enterprise Integrator IBM Lotus Enterprise Integrator provides high-performance, scalable exchange of data between Lotus Domino and host and relational data systems. With point-and-click ease, you can create, manage, and schedule batch and real-time access to provide integration with relational systems, such as IBM DB2® and Oracle database software, or enterprise resource planning systems, such as SAP applications. Benefits:
translation verion2.1服务器整合优势
具有以下概况的组织通常需要服务器整合：
2.1.1 Domino在小型企业的增长
随着时间的推移， Domino在小型企业的相关使用问题显现出以下类似的模式：
图2-1 第9页显示了Domino在小型企业的典型增长方式。
第一个企业
电子邮件基础设施
一个域名，极少的用户 通过以下方式改善基础设施：
l 企业扩大
l 企业内电子邮件延伸
更具复杂性，原因：
l 在Domino中创建商务应用程序
l 创建多个管理单元
通过以下方式，小型企业从服务器整合中受惠最多： 2.1.2 Domino在大型企业的增长
随着时间的推移， Domino在大型企业的相关使用问题同样也显现出以下类似的模式： -外部应用程序服务
图2-2显示了在大型企业典型的Domino增长方式。
第一个企业
电子邮件基础设施
一个领域，仅仅有选择性的用户 通过以下方式改善基础设施：
l 企业扩大
l 企业内电子邮件延伸 向多个Domino领域的延伸：
l 在一个领域（R4以及前期发行的领域）内最大化用户限制
l 用本地应用程序在全球范围内扩大企业 平行基础设施：
l 用其电子邮件域名获得商机
l 将商务单元分布到子公司
现在的基础设施：
肩负不同管理责任的多个领域
通过以下方式，大型企业从服务器巩固中受惠最多： _为应用程序实施业务管理流程，以完全控制应用程序的部署生命周期，包括消除和归档过期的应用程序 _减少Domino领域（特别是邮件域）的数量，以简化邮件路由选择、复制和系统管理
2.1.3减少或控制IT成本 _工作人员支持：减少所需的人力资源数量，以监管运行环境和不断的培训费用 _ "隐性成本" ：与支撑软件、系统故障、数据丢失和安全风险等等不一致或相抵触的硬件的相关费用
2.1.4改善后的可管理性和可用性 _连续作业：妥善整合后的系统使企业具有供应27 × 7的电子邮件和应用程序接入口的能力。 _一贯性能：在类似的硬件和操作系统平台上整合的系统中表现出类似的性能概况，让均衡工作量负荷操作起来更简单。
2.1.5改善后的数据存取及其保护 _提高有形资产的安全性：减少数据中心位置的数量，可限制不必要的或未经授权的访问进入服务器硬件，并有助于确保一个更安全的运行环境。
2.1.6利用现有的投资 _优化人才资源：在分布式环境中，Domino管理程序往往是零散的，只拥有在部分时间发挥Domino支持作用的冷僻资源。同时，网站可能实施不同的供应商体系结构和应用程序，在偏远地区需要不同技能的组合。将服务器整合为标准的硬件和软件，可以让有过深入培训的专职专家辅助运行环境，并管理运行中的系统和架构变化。
2.1.7减少技术上的复杂性
2.1.8可伸缩性和工作量的增长
my translation work original...2.1 Advantages of server consolidation The proliferation of servers in Domino environments over time has led to a cost impact to many businesses. However, different businesses interpret those costs in different ways. While some want to exclusively focus on managing capital and operating cost, others also view the costs from a serviceability perspective. Thus, when businesses choose to execute a server consolidation strategy, they may select different measures for success depending on their consolidation goals. Organizations matching the following profile generally make good candidates for server consolidation: _ Have a directive to reduce IT costs _ Have no control over their IT costs _ Find that they need to integrate their distributed systems _ Find it hard to retain system administration personnel _ Have server management issues _ Need to reduce staffing costs _ Have backup and recovery problems _ Have had mergers or acquisitions _ Have vital data scattered and unsecured
2.1.1 Domino growth in small businesses Small businesses often have very limited IT budgets, which leads them to limit the number of servers and operational resources they are willing to dedicate to Domino services. Over time, many of these businesses may begin to leverage Domino to provide a common platform for e-mail and collaborative applications, as well as provide Internet based services to their user population or external clients and partners. Over time, issues related to Domino usage in small businesses display similar patterns: _ Very few production Domino domains. _ Domino servers located in a single office, sometimes tasked with multiple functions. _ Disparate hardware vendor platforms purchased over time. _ Servers sized to support workload profiles of older versions of Domino. _ Limited performance tuning and workload balancing due to over-tasking of administrator resources. _ Inability to manage orphaned or abandoned applications. _ Servers supporting both mail and application environments usually named mixed servers where load for each specific usage is difficult to predict. (Application usage and interactions with x-users is hard to size.) Figure 2-1 on page 9 shows the typical Domino growth pattern in small businesses.
Small businesses can generally benefit most from consolidation by: _ Reducing the number of physical servers supported _ Standardizing on larger hardware from a single vendor _ Working through the consolidation process to identify and eliminate abandoned or redundant applications _ Re-architecting system interfaces and administrative processes to simplify replication, mail routing, and user management
2.1.2 Domino growth in large businesses Large businesses are also cost conscious, but due to their size they are required to define complex Domino architectures to meet the need of their businesses. Domino services tend to be distributed across multiple sites, and in many cases consist of multiple domains. Domino administration tends to be a specialization, but this function also tends to be distributed, not only among different sites, but also across different Domino domains and organization hierarchies. Over time, issues related to Domino usage in large businesses also display similar patterns: _ Multiple production Domino domains segregating specific functions, such as: – Notes applications – Web applications – Application testing and staging – Internet gateway – External application services _ Domino servers located in multiple locations, mostly segregated by task or function _ Disparate hardware vendor platforms purchased over time _ Inability to rapidly deploy new versions of or updated to Domino server software _ Differing cost-performance ratios at different locations due to workload imbalance _ Inefficient Domino administration and support due to excessive administrative role fragmentation _ Uncontrolled growth of Domino-based collaborative applications _ Difficulty responding to major organizational changes, such as acquisitions or divestitures Figure 2-2 shows the typical Domino growth pattern in large businesses.
Large businesses can generally benefit the most from consolidation by: _ Reducing the number of physical servers and the number of sites supported _ Upgrading server platforms to highly scalable systems, for example: – 32-bit systems to 64-bit systems – Workgroup server operating systems (such as 32-bit Windows or Linux) to enterprise operating systems (such as AIX®, Solaris, OS/400®, and so on) _ Implementing operational management processes for applications to fully control the deployment life cycle of application, including removing and archiving expired applications _ Reducing the number of Domino domains (especially mail domains) to simplify mail routing, replication, and systems management _ Reducing the fragmentation of administrative functions to allow better consistency and faster response to support requests _ Providing more effective system utilization of Domino resources through centralization and workload balancing
2.1.3 Reduction or control of IT costs Controlling IT costs is the main reason most businesses give for consolidating servers. There are several dimensions that make up the total IT cost picture: _ Hardware costs: Reducing the number of server, storage devices, peripherals _ Software costs: Lowering software licensing and renewal costs for Domino, operating systems, and supporting software _ Support staff: Reducing the number of human resources needed to administer or manage the environment, as well as ongoing training costs _ Operational costs: Reducing costs of floor space, power consumption, cooling systems, and so on _ “Hidden costs”: Costs associated with inconsistent or incompatible hardware and supporting software, system failures, data loss, security exposures, and so on
2.1.4 Improved manageability and availability Consolidation can help improve overall system control in the following ways: _ Enterprise management: Allow for a consistent tools, facilities, and systems management services through integrated operations. _ Continuous operations: Properly consolidated systems can provide businesses the ability to provide 27 x 7 access to mail and applications. _ Consistent performance: Systems consolidated onto similar hardware and operating system platforms are likely to have similar performance profiles, making it easier to perform workload balancing. _ Dependability: Problems related to distributed systems, such as frequency of outages or the need for manual intervention by remote support staff, can be reduced with consolidated systems. _ Minimize operational constraints: Increasing the number of servers and peripherals at multiple locations can strain a business’ ability to find sufficient floor space, power connections, and cooling capacity, especially in smaller offices.
2.1.5 Improved data access and protection Businesses can protect distributed data resources though consolidation: _ Reduce data duplication and fragmentation: Access problems can be reduced by consolidating distributed collaborative applications with similar data, or containing only subsets of data due to the application of selective replication formulas. _ Apply enterprise data security: While Domino has a robust application security model, consolidating applications, domains, and certification structures can improved overall security administration. _ Improve security of physical assets: Reducing the number of data center locations can restrict unwanted or unauthorized access to server hardware and help ensure a more secure environment. _ Centralized backup, recovery, and integrity management: Consolidating servers and storage to allow for the development of effective disaster recovery plans, minimize business disruption due to severe data loss, and allow for the effective implementation of data retention and management policies to conform with business requirements and regulatory bodies.
2.1.6 Leveraging existing investments Consolidation can help businesses leverage existing investments where excess capacity exists: _ Expand existing servers: Add new capabilities to existing installations rather than deploy to new dedicated servers. _ Optimize capacity utilization: Since many businesses manage performance and have a level of acceptable, consistent response times by typically running servers at 50 to 60 percent CPU utilization, consolidation can help minimize the number of underutilized servers. These underutilized servers are often found in a distributed environment and in those environments that use server platforms that cannot perform dynamic resource balancing across logical partitions _ Optimize skilled resources: Within distributed environments, Domino administration and management is often fragmented, with many remote resources only fulfilling part-time Domino support roles. Also, sites may implement different vendor architectures and applications, requiring differing skill sets at remote locations. Consolidation to standard hardware and software can allow dedicated experts with in-depth training to support the environment and manage ongoing systems and architectural changes.
2.1.7 Reduced technical complexity Client-server systems are usually seen as a three-tiered logical architecture. As implemented, Domino architectures tend to become multi-tiers systems over time, with broad networks of local servers, replication hubs, and so on. Consolidation can help reduce this technical complexity by reducing or eliminating the need for hubs and gateways.
2.1.8 Scalability and workload growth Consolidation can help businesses handle scalability and workload growth issues in the following ways: _ System scalability: Centralization and server consolidation can make it more cost effective to: – Implement failover solutions – Provide the ability to manage peak usage without degraded performance – Provide for upgrade paths while minimizing the impact on operations or users _ Granular upgrades: Consolidation can ease the ability to grow the number of users, applications, system service, or data supported without causing major disruptions to the production environment.
December 02 the art of "early autumn"The art of “Early Autumn”
李佩哲 英语学院 0601207
With the advent of the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s, strong black voices, writing with African-American rhythms and cadences, broke out all over the country. Of this remarkable creative outpouring, one voice rose among all of the rest. This was the voice of poet Langston Hughes. Langston Hughes was a well known poet, novelist, journalist, and playwright, and was nicknamed the "Poet Laureate of Harlem”. During the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes gained fame and respect for his ability to express the Black American experiences in his works. He was one of the most original and versatile of the twentieth century black writers. Like the sharp peal of a jazz trumpet, Hughes' works announced a kind of rich and vibrant and fiercely poetic literature to us. In his “Early Autumn”, the sentimentality of female and the rationality of male were thoroughly described. The love story is a continuous cycle, people repeat the process again and again, no complaint, no regret. Hughes saw this love truth with his insightful eyes and depicted a heart-stabbing love between Bill and Mary, or let us say, the wishful love on Mary’s part. Langston Hughes has showed a tactic art in his “Early Autumn”: 1).common plot with uncommon meaning; 2).an exterior representation of the psychology; 3). a language full of romantic poetic realism. First, it is the common plot with uncommon meaning. Langston Hughes just told us that Mary impulsively married another man, which hurt Bill deeply, but didn’t tell us why. We readers now have to resort to our own imagination to reckon. Then many reasons and thoughts involved in when we go on reading. Langston then has successfully brought us to now from pass. They encountered with each other in Washington Square, we’d rather to say that it was Mary who picked up Bill among the crowd, calling his full name: Bill Walker. She was no longer deserved his kiss, his genuine care, even though her little son was name after Bill. The dialogue is a embarrassment to Bill, whose words seemed like the polite yet perfunctory answers to a stranger. His cold reaction disillusioned Mary’s romantic dream. The reason why a dream is called the dream is because it can never come true, especially when it is just on only one’s part. Mary left so awkwardly that they even did not exchange the address. This dynamic plot depicted the real life so lively that readers can not help but to go into it. Someone has ever said that the woman fell in love with a person is a lifelong thing, even if they were separated from each other, she would always remember the passed goodness; man fell in love with a person is a momentary thing, after the separation, that is, the two worlds. Then the countless fanatic men and lamenting women are created in Mundane Life, they agonize mutually, willingly. Is it a piece of good luck or bad fortune when you can be with True Love? You should accept all the significant other’s disposition entirety, lean on each other through your whole life; otherwise, breaking up yet remorsefully. Who can tell which is right or wrong? Second, it is the exterior representation of the psychology. We all know human beings’ psychological movements are most elusive, and how could literary demonstrate such things out skillfully? Langston has borrowed a unique technique to deal with it. “It was late afternoon. Nearly sunset. Cold.” The description of specific time exaggerates the bleak autumn atmosphere, and sets off and reappears Mary’s sentimental feelings. “The leaves fell slowly from the trees in the Square. Fell without wind. Autumn dusk.” Mary’s heart sank with the falling leaves. “The bus started. People came between them outside, people crossing the street, people they didn’t know. Space and people.” They met in the crowded Washington Square. Hughes gave the crowd around the two protagonists for a detailed description, the purpose is to emphasize that the fate between ex-lovers in the vast human sea. Although Mary and Bill predestined to meet, but a matter in the life of thoroughly changed the relationship between them, then they became the most familiar strangers. During their separation, the crowd around them has changed: husband, wife, children, friends and even strangers. The people and the distance interlude between them in Washington Square is the continuation of their separation. Last but not the least; it is the language full of romantic poetic realism. Love rules one’s kingdom without a sword. “Suddenly the lights came on up the whole length of Fifth Avenue, chains of misty brilliance in the blue air.” As the lights put on, Mary knew her situation, her wake up gradually, with a bitter grief complex. She was experiencing the mistiness and brilliance of inner struggle. A “blue” reveals the dim light and reflects her melancholy. “The lights on the avenue blurred, twinkled, blurred.” The leaving Mary’s eyes filled with tears of remorse and regret, making street lights in her eyes becomes blurred and twinkled. Entire scenes in the story gave a highly colored sad autumn in Mary’s psychological change from excitement to sorrow to helplessness, expressing the author's positive and optimistic attitude and vision towards the protagonists’ life. Hughes seemingly detached recounting appropriately reflects the character’s emotional undercurrents beneath the calm surface and also forms a sharp contrast with the characters' intense emotional change. It is an elite fiction worthy reading millions of times.
浅析孔子与庄子的美学思想浅析孔子与庄子的美学思想 李佩哲 0601207 美学作为一门社会科学，是在社会的物质生活与精神生活的基础上产生和发展起来的，是研究美、美感、美的创造及美育规律的一门科学。美学思想是人类审美实践和艺术实践发展到一定历史阶段的产物，是对人类审美实践和艺术实践的哲学概括。 孔子时代，也许没有成熟的美学概念，但从美学的实质上而言，孔子已形成完整的美学思想体系，在美学思想上是一个承前启后的人物。庄子有一套比较完整而独特的美学思想体系，成为中国两千多年来美学的源头，足以与柏拉图的美学思想媲美。
一、 产生基础 1.孔子的美学思想产生的基础 孔子是儒家的代表人物，春秋末期，奴隶制趋于崩溃，封建制逐渐形成，战乱纷起，秩序大乱，物欲横流，奴隶造反，新兴地主的崛起使奴隶制度“礼崩乐坏”，孔子毅然决然站出来，对“周礼”采取竭力维护的态度，提出了“仁”的主张，试图从伦理道德方面维护“礼”的主张和规范。 2.庄子的美学思想产生的基础 庄子是道家的灵魂人物，是春秋战国时代没落贵族奴隶主阶级的思想家，战国中期，奴隶制度土崩瓦解，封建制度在各国普遍建立，贵族奴隶主阶级的统治地位完全坍台，庄子不再象老子“以无为而治”的政治主张来挽救摇摇欲坠的奴隶主统治阶级，较之老子的虚无主义思想理论，“庄子把它完全转化为了主观唯心主义[1]”。
二、 美学思想概述 1.孔子的美学思想概述 达到“仁”的境界，是孔子的最高审美理想；“仁”、“尽善尽美”构成了孔子的审美准则，悲壮的“知其不可而为之”当是孔子的审美情趣。孔子的美学就是他“仁学”的发展与延伸。 1.1孔子的“美”与“善”：尽善尽美 孔子的美善关系思想是充满矛盾对立的，他注意到了“美”和“善”的区别：“子谓《韶》尽美矣，又尽善也。谓《武》尽美矣，未尽善也”（《论语·八佾》）。“美”与“善”的高度和谐才是艺术的大美；而且，“《韶》与《武》既有‘文’与‘武’的区别[2]”，孔子面临诸侯争霸天下的局势，主张以“仁义”治天下，崇尚“文德”轻视“武功”，自然在欣赏《韶》的时候“三月不知肉味”了。 1.2孔子的“文”与“质”：文质彬彬 与此同时，孔子也注意到了“质”与“文”的区别：“质胜文则野，文胜质则史。文质彬彬，然后君子。”（《论语·雍也》），所以他是主张“文质兼备”的，任何事物如果没有了外在的“美”的形式，内在的“质”就显得粗俗；但如果外表经过文饰的华丽，也会显得虚夸浮饰。统一于“礼”的基础上，“约之以礼”才能达到真正的“文质彬彬”，也说明孔子是从当时旧贵族奴隶主阶级立场和政治利益出发来看待“文”与“质”的。 1.3孔子论“人格之美” 在《论语·泰伯》中，孔子把尧作为常人难以企及的最高的人格典范：“大哉！尧之为君也。” “大”就是“伟大”，是对尧的内在精神和外表气度上所表现出的完美所作的最高的概括，也就是他在评价《韶》乐时的既“尽善”又“尽美”。在孔子看来，尧作为最完美的人格主体，既具有内在的仁义品格：“巍巍乎！唯天为大，唯尧则之。荡荡乎！民无能名焉”，又具有与之相称的外在的容貌、举止、风度的美：“焕乎！其有文章”，从而达到了高度地完美地统一，同时也是“文质彬彬”的“君子”的典范。 1.4孔子的人生价值审美观：“孔颜乐处” 人们把《论语·雍》中颜回的“一箪食，一瓢饮，在陋巷，人也不堪其优，回也不改其乐”与孔子的“其为人也，发愤忘食，乐以忘忧，不知老之将至”，合而称之为“孔颜乐处”，用以表示孔子的人生意义现。“孔颜乐处”，意味着人的伟大、道德的庄严崇高美。孔子肯定人的生存需求、社会需要、社会存在、隐忍救世、安贫乐道的使命感，不计较世俗功利、灾祸于仁义至尚的道德意识，尊重主体的地位和改造社会的能动力等。在人生的天平上，孔子秤量自我人生的价值所用的砝码是具有崇高美的天下之利和万世之名的社会价值， “仁者乐山”正反映了孔子所追求的是与山的高峻美感契合的挺拔的人生和庄重的道德追求。 2. 庄子的美学思想概述 庄子从唯心主义、虚无主义的“道”出发，提倡“无为”境界，顺应自然，不滞于物，追求无条件的精神自由，心灵充实之谓美，“人的自然化”之谓美， “心灵的自由”之谓美。他以一种沉着有序的生命意识来欣赏美、把握美。庄子否定形式化、世俗的、功用化的艺术，肯定超越使用目的、超越政治事功和理智判断的纯粹的审美意识。 2.1庄子的“大美不言” 庄子的“大美”思想是庄子美学思想的核心内容。庄子主张质朴混沌的大自然本身是最为完善的,具有至高无上的美: “天地有大美而不言，四时有明法而不议，万物有成理而不说。”（《庄子·知北游》），“大美”就是最全最完整最高境界之美。 2.2庄子的“有为与无为” 庄子讲求主体从既定的生命模式和思维定势之中解脱出来,崇尚“与天地精神相往来”的去权力、去繁冗理性的美学追寻。他效法自然无为的天道：“动而天行”，“循天之理” （《庄子·刻意》），即返朴归真，达到素朴无为。无为，实际上是一种道德有为，借助于此，庄子方可游世而不同世，简而言之：用“无为”的手段，达到“无不为”的目的。 2.3庄子论“人格之美” 伯夷和叔齐因不食周粟而饿死在首阳山上，孔子评价道：“求仁而得仁，又何怨。”（《论语·述而十五》），而庄子却在《庄子·骈拇》中举为耻食周粟而饿死首阳的伯夷和为谋私利而死于东陵山的盗跖两例，以为他们“所死不同，其于残生伤性均也。”“在庄子看来，伯夷和盗跖在市区人的本真之性上完全没有区别，这就是君子和小人的齐一，为仁义而殉身和为逐利而死的齐一。”[3] 2.4庄子的人生价值审美观：“鱼之乐” 《庄子·秋水》载，庄子与惠施曾游于濠梁之上，庄子睹物思人，触类旁通：“倏鱼出游从容，是鱼乐也”。对人生的痛苦体验，使得庄子向社会之外寻觅人生的乐趣，自然美感正好可以充实他的生存体验形成的空虚。庄子的哲学发端于自然审美，由自然美过渡到生存美，进而思考自然和社会的关系。庄子视鱼犹得道之人，水犹道体。鱼无贪欲、无纷争、无私藏，恬淡纯朴，得水见性，自足自造。鱼可以说是庄子生存美的意向的对象物，以至于庄子成了一个“鱼化”的形象。“鱼之乐”是由于天性真朴，人之至乐也应当是涤除社会性返归自然情性。
三、结语 “孔颜乐处”和“鱼之乐”的最高部分，是对人生意义在精神尽处的觉解。这两种美学思想，发于私有制，在客观上都起到了强调个人本位道德和均衡社会秩序的作用。
参考书目: 《先秦诸子美学思想述评》 施昌东 中华书局 1979.5 《老庄心解》 范曾 华东师范大学出版社 2005.12 《于丹〈论语>心得》于丹 中华书局 2007.1 《论孟子对孔子美学思想的继承与创造》 互联网http://emuch.net/fanwen/view.php?id=12883
November 25 obesity an its treatmentObesity Overview The foods we eat every day contribute to our well-being. Foods provide us with the nutrients we need for healthy bodies and the calories we need for energy. If we eat too much, however, the extra food turns to fat and is stored in our bodies. If we overeat regularly, we gain weight, and if we continue to gain weight, we may become obese. Obesity means accumulation of excess fat on the body. Obesity is considered a chronic (long-term) disease, like high blood pressure or diabetes. It has many serious long-term consequences for your health, and it is the second leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States (tobacco is the first). Obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 30. The BMI is a measure of your weight relative to your height. Obesity is an epidemic in the United States and in other developed countries. More than half of Americans are overweight—including at least 1 in 5 children. Nearly one third are obese. Obesity is on the rise in our society because food is abundant and physical activity is optional. Each year, Americans spend billions of dollars on dieting, diet foods, diet books, diet pills, and the like. Another $45 billion is spent on treating the diseases associated with obesity. Furthermore, businesses suffer an estimated $20 billion loss in productivity each year from absence due to illness caused by obesity. Obesity Causes Weight gain occurs when you eat more calories than your body uses up. If the food you eat provides more calories than your body needs, the excess is converted to fat. Initially, fat cells increase in size. When they can no longer expand, they increase in number. If you lose weight, the size of the fat cells decreases, but the number of cells does not. Obesity, however, has many causes. The reasons for the imbalance between calorie intake and consumption vary by individual. Your age, sex, and genes, psychological makeup, and environmental factors all may contribute.
Obesity Treatment For most people who are overweight or obese, the safest and most effective way to lose weight is to eat less and exercise more. If you eat less and exercise more, you will lose weight. It is as simple as that. There are no magic pills. Diets that sound too good to be true are just that.
Other Therapy Behavior modification is a fancy name for changing your attitude toward food and exercise. These changes promote new habits and attitudes that help you lose weight. Many people find they cannot lose weight or keep it off unless they change these attitudes. Behavior modification techniques are easy to learn and practice. Most involve increasing your awareness of situations in which you overeat so that you can stop overeating. Abortion
An Overview of the Ethical Issues n Abortion is the most difficult and controversial moral issues we will consider.
Two Principal Moral Considerations n The moral status of the fetus – Is the fetus a person? At what stage in its development does it becomes a person? Conception? 1 st trimester? Birth? n The rights of the pregnant woman – Does the pregnant woman have the right to decide if she is going to carry the baby to term or not? An Important Distinction n As you consider this difficult issue, it is important to distinguish two questions: – Is abortion morally wrong? – Should abortion be illegal? The Central Argument Here is the main argument that is usually advanced against abortion: – P 1 : The fetus is an innocent person. – P 2 : It is morally wrong to end the life of an innocent person. – C: Therefore, it is morally wrong to end the life of a fetus.
The Moral Status of the Fetus n Much of the debate in regard to abortion has centered around the first premise, namely, whether the fetus is a person or not. n If the fetus is a person, then it has the rights that belong to persons, including the right to life. n The concept of personhood, in other words, is the bridge that connects the fetus with the right to life.
Criteria of Personhood n Possible criteria – Conceived by humans – Genetic structure – Physical resemblance – Presence of a soul – Viability – A future like ours – What are the necessary conditions of personhood? – What are the sufficient conditions of personhood? even if the fetus is a person, abortion may be morally justified. In other words, they dispute the truth of the premise, “It is wrong to end the life of an innocent person.”
The Rights of the Pregnant Woman What right does a woman possess that would entitle her to choose an abortion? n Right to privacy. – this is the right specified in Roe v. Wade. n Right to ownership of one’s own body. – Is ownership a perspicuous category? n Right to equal treatment. – Men can’t get pregnant. n Right to self-determination. – Women have the right to decide about their own futures. Feminist Concerns about Abortion n See abortion issue within context of – history of oppression of women – history of danger and death for women when abortion is illegal Rights of the Father n To what extent do the father’s preferences count in making this decision? – Mother actually give birth, fathers don’t. – Society usually places primary responsibility on the mother. – Fathers don’t even always know they are fathers; mothers always do. Seeking a Common Ground n Points of possible agreement – Reducing unwanted pregnancies • But: disagreement about the means – Guaranteeing genuinely free and informed choice – Providing a loving home for all children November 24 early autumn隐忍的感情。一切都是物是人非。 --] 原文: Langston Hughes - Early Autumn
duty report: the post 80s generation--my script
In China, those who were born in the 1980's and are now aged between 17 and 26 are called the "post-1980s" generation. In the next few years the 200 million people belonging to this generation will play the leading role in China. First, let’s enjoy some collections in our childhood, which have brought us endless fun. l Roles determiner: we folded a piece of paper into such shape and wrote several roles, and then, you chose South, West, North, East…after several movements with fingers, you could play all kinds of roles without any difficulties. l Electronic games, like the most powerful glue in the world, we stuck to them after school. How many stages could you pass at that time? l Do you still remember these things? Water gun, toy gun with BB bullet, the boys around me often held me a battle with BB gun, at that time, we inevitably became victims accidentally, and paper plane which carried our dream along its flight… l Barbie is the idol in every girl’s mind; the slender figure and delicate face always attract us to mould a perfect Barbie in the real life. Kitty is still magnet for some kidult, you know kidult very well; and Pikachu, there is no need to describe any more. l Small cards. I don’t know how to say in English. Ha-ha, they were quite popular among boys. Boys won the cards over with a piece of luck and the proper strength. l The same as small cards, there were also piles of plastic soldiers, glass balls and plastic discs. They hided in the instant noodle bags, “xiao hu dui”: “pi li hu”、”xuan feng hu” etc. We saved up for them to be a rich man. The spring frog was the most popular toy cause it was so advanced at that time. it was my favorite. l Do you still remember the moment you put on the red tie? We keep studying hard from our primary school, following the saying” good good study, day day up” and “learn from the uncle LF”. At the same time, we kept going with the fashion, collecting the fruit-flavor or fruit-shape erasers, and taking priding in having a multi-button pencil box, l As for the snack, there is no need to mention the details of our superstars at that time. But unfortunately, we can find them easily nowadays. l Can you recall the days when you were sitting in front of the TV set to wait those series coming upon the screen? May be all of us have learned something since we watched the first love stories or the charming cartoons. Thanks for the TURTLES, we successfully remember the four great men in Renaissance: mikailangjiluo, da veci and… and we know that we are the descendants of dragon. l With the advent of the ages, all the 80s have grown up ,and step on the different roads…. the super girl is not superman’s girlfriend or something, she is voted by 3.52 million china voters to become the winner of China singing competition “Super Girl 2005″nearly one-third of the country's population, the largest television audience in China 's history—tuned in to watch the season finale of Super Girl, an American Idol-like singing competition for women. l YM l LX the pride of 80s.though some… personality l DJH l GJM Guo Jingming, a 21-year-old college student, ranks 100 on the 2004 Forbes Chinese Celebrity list, showing his great talent as the most commercially successful young writer in China. Guo now ranks the 93rd on the list of 2004 Forbes Chinese Celebrity 100, with assets worth US$1.6 million. Even the famous dancer Yang Liping ranks behind him. No doubt that he is the most successful commercial young writer in China. "City of Fantasy" has grasped a very special readership – teenagers. This particular group is the most important for the country's future, but has long been neglected by writers. So whether he did it consciously or not, Guo has carved himself a huge slice of this cake. Just as an editor from Sprout Magazine said, "It's quite reasonable that Guo has become so popular. If there was no Guo Jingming, somebody else would have appeared. Teenagers badly need spiritual material, and it's Guo that provides what they need to them at the right time." Guo wrote "City of Fantasy" when he was a grade-three student in senior high. Criticized for his immaturity, he voiced his objection: "You cannot judge one's work by his age, but by the text. If the text is mature, that's enough. It's not necessarily true that the work of a 16-year-old writer is less mature than that of a 60-year-old writer. We should promote the juvenile writing rather than object it." l LL l LX l HZH disaster, He enclose the uncommon strength on those common people. l
Han Han Following his criticism that China's high school education is too exam oriented, Han chose in 1999 to write his novel instead of staying in school. Now the 23-year-old has done it again and fully devoted himself to car racing. Han said that taking part in car races has been his dream since he was a little boy. He changed his career from desk to wheel in 2003. After only two years he had become a core driver in the Shanghai Volkswagen 333 Race Club, and won his first section championship in Zhuhai, Guangdong. "To win is a matter of timing. I can drive at high speed with enough skill, the only thing I need is a little bit of good luck," Han says. "I chose it, I love it," said Han when he talks about his career switch. He hopes the racer Han Han can be as successful as the writer.
Li Xiang
In the summer of 1999, as three million Chinese students bogged down for the national college entrance exam, a test they generally prepare for throughout their entire childhood, 18-year-old Li Xiang decided to focus on his small Internet business PCPOP is a website that provides brand advertising of IT products for users and marketers in multiple categories. The turnover of Li's company in the last fiscal year was 20 million yuan (US$2.5 million) with a net profit of 10 million yuan (US$ 1.25 million). Back to 1999. High school student Li had already been able to get 6,000 yuan (US$755) per month from advertisements on his website "Home to graphic cards." Throughout his three years in high school, Li spent at least five hours each day in front of the computer. He had enough reasons to persuade his parents the traditional path was not for him. He told them: "My website runs well, I have read all the magazines on the computer industry for six years and I understand the industry above all, I like it more than anything else." Li now works in his company during weekdays and studies management courses on the weekends. Li does not like to be compared with big names in business. "I am just a young person who started his business earlier than others."
translation of act4 part2(另一个 PROSPERO无形地出现了)
PROSPERO2: 普若斯柏洛，普若斯柏洛。 PROSPERO: 谁？如此放肆！ PROSPERO2: 我就是你，你就是我。. PROSPERO: 笑话！你在哪？给我出来！ PROSPERO2: 哈哈，我在你身体里，在你的思想里。普若斯柏洛。永无止息的复仇是得不到平静的。以眼还眼只会让世界盲目。 PROSPERO: 难道你认为我能再碌碌无为地度过12年吗？难道我能够忍受嘴边的面包被抢夺、杯中的生命之水被泼洒的耻辱吗？ PROSPERO2: 普若斯柏洛，阿龙佐已对他12年前的所作所为而忏悔。你和阿龙佐都老了。当然，你也无法否定你俩给这个王国赢得的荣耀。但是现在，你们都无法担以重任了。 PROSPERO: 我乐意去做不会伤及自己的报复，但仇恨与暴力都是双刃剑：它们让接触到的人遍体鳞伤。但我无法自已，怒不可遏。 PROSPERO2: 普若斯柏洛，就算你把他们都杀了又怎样呢？ PROSPERO: 但是我。。。 PROSPERO2: 有着不可抵挡的恒力的年老是每一天都必须面对的事实。你要像接受自然进化的生命轮回那样接受年老的过程，长者完成他们的生命使命，为后生开天辟地。切勿让你的晚年时光在复仇的痛苦中消磨。 PROSPERO: 就算我在年青时硕果累累，这仍然是一场悲剧。到底还剩下些什么呢？ PROSPERO2: 普若斯柏洛，高龄的独特之处在于衰老的现实和死亡的逼近。你必须在必要时养精蓄锐、保存实力，适应这些瞬息万变和万劫不复的损失。
PROSPERO: 但我却在这冷淡残酷的世界中困兽犹斗。
PROSPERO2: 给予的是冷酷，又怎会收获友善？普若斯柏洛，放开一切，忘却仇恨。费迪南是那不勒斯最合适的国王。他对你的女儿深情款款，真情实意，米兰达，这曾经的小公主，也将成为王后。你的决定保佑着她的幸福。 PROSPERO: 不，我要复仇！我筹划了整整12年，只为了这一刻！ PROSPERO2: 不，你不能。 PROSPERO: 不，我必须复仇，必须复仇！ PROSPERO2: 想想米兰达吧，想想你的生活。 PROSPERO: 不，不，我不能放弃。不能。米兰达。。。米兰达。。我的女儿。。。复仇，不。我应该宽恕，应该原谅。。不，不，不，我不能。。啊！！！！
（举起法杖挣扎后又放下，最后平静下来）
PROSPERO 走吧！走吧！你们都走吧！让我独自啜饮这杯爱与恨的酒吧！！！ （站立不动，暴风雨起。。。） (暴风雨…).
translation of act4 part1act 4
MIRANDA (上场，拿着一本书，乖乖女。) (自言自语道)噢,他在那!(看到费迪南,很惊喜的样子,不由得惊呼出来.) 你看上去很累(流露出关心爱怜的表情。)
FERDINAND 没有啊,我高贵的女王,即使是在晚上,当你在我身边时我也会像在早晨那样精神抖。我恳请你告诉我你的名字，那样我便可以在祈祷时将它默念。（准备开始表白）
MIRANDA 米兰达。（天真无邪地盯着王子的眼睛回答，但还在迟疑中，没有马上走到王子身边。）
FERDINAND 米兰达，我的米兰达，我并不是每一天都能看到美丽的容颜。米兰达，请告诉我你正在阅读的书籍，请告诉我你生活的故事。（深情款款的样子）
MIRANDA 你爱我么？（ 天真无邪）
FERDINAND 你相信蓦然回首一见钟情吗？我会对我的爱情，对我的米兰达视而不见吗？皇天在上，我爱你，珍惜你，敬重你，胜过世上的一切。
PROSPERO (自言自语) 哈，多么甜蜜的二人世界啊！ (讽刺地)（很生气低用讽刺的语气在一旁说着，躲在一棵树后面，并没有被两个恋人发现。） 费迪南岂能如此大胆！哦，我的傻姑娘！（ 说话声音不由的大了些，但是由于那两人深陷彼此并未察觉什么。）
（这个时候米兰达因为太激动而哭起来，是小女生那种掩面啜泣，然后当费迪南跟她说话的时候她又瞪大可爱的双眼看着他。） FERDINAND 你为什么哭了？我并没有鲁莽行事的意思，希望没有打扰到你。我能带你走么？离开这座岛屿，远走高飞。我感到机不可失，时不再来，我害怕我会再也见不到你。 MIRANDA 我真是个傻瓜，为自己开心的事泪流满面。 FERDINAND 你将成为我的妻子，最最亲爱的妻子，我将永远照顾你，至死不渝。请相信我，我可以成为你的真命天子，我能让你美梦成真。（说着说着，走得更近了。）
MIRANDA 那么说，你就会成为我的丈夫喽？（米兰达往前小小地挪了一步，没有费迪南挪步时那么明显。）
FERDINAND 是的，胜过一个俘虏对自由的渴望，我迫切地想要担当起做丈夫的责任。请握住我的手，亲爱的。
MIRANDA 这是我的手，还有我的心。。。
（两人彼此握着双手，凝视双眸。） （普上。） PROSPERO （不再躲在树后偷听，怒不可遏地上场。） PROSPERO 不许再和我女儿说话！米兰达，向这个卑鄙无耻的男人告别，马上给我回去！（爆发出雷霆般的吼声。）
MIRANDA (对其父对费迪南德仇恨毫不知情，满脸天真) 爸爸，他。。。（完全不知情，而且甚至还有点高兴地想告诉爸爸自己找到了恋人。）
PROSPERO 米兰达，我可怜的女儿，你怎能爱上我仇人的孽种？这是以眼还眼、以牙还牙的时机，船上所有人的命运都在我股掌之间。我要让他们都去见阎王！ （哀痛又生气。）
FERDINAND 我父亲还活着？他还在这座岛上吗？（看着普紧张地问着。） (对米兰达说) 我得马上去找他了。（对米兰达惋惜地说。） 一千个吻别。 （费迪南下。）
MIRANDA 费迪南。。。（看着费迪南离去的身影，依依不舍，在嘴里默念着。）
PROSPERO 米兰达，清醒点。你的心智正被妖魔所迷惑。你的幸福生活是被他的父亲夺走的！
MIRANDA 亲爱的爸爸，告诉我，你说的都是真的吗？
PROSPERO 这些年，仇恨作为气息尚存的生命迹象之一，不断敲击着我的心房。还有有关这颠覆的世界的另外一件事：所有友善和可爱的人们对我来说都好似已经过世；只有仇人尚在苟延残喘。这是我结束他们生命的大好时机！
MIRANDA 但是，爸爸，这不关费迪南的事，请不要伤害他。
PROSPERO 总有一天，费迪南将成为那不勒斯，米兰达 ，回你房间去吧，我不想对你发火。 MIRANDA 好爸爸，请不要对他们如此残忍，黑暗不能驱走黑暗，只有光明才能驱走它；仇恨不能消解仇恨，只有爱能够消解它。我爱费迪南，请不要。。。我愿意陪你度过我的余生，只求你放他们走。
PROSPERO 米兰达，回你的房间去！
MIRANDA 亲爱的爸爸。。。 (嘤嘤啜泣) November 23 mid-term paperChasing the rainbow —— my interpretation of “the Chaser”
Nil. Lopez(0601207 英语学院 李佩哲)
I think the central message “the Chaser” has conveyed to us is that love is precious and pure, but it would be totally changed if you resort to some mischievous means to obtain it. Love is a kind of passion, a kind of true feeling in one’s heart of hearts. It is not the desirable effects or undesirable side-effects of certain medicine or potion. Once you are engaged in this black magic, you would be required to pay for it at any costs. Just as what the old man had told Alan, one should save up for the expensive life cleaner. “Even it is more costly. He will save up for it ,if necessary.” What is love? The definition from dictionary states that it is a profoundly tender, passionate affection for another person or a feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend. But now I am going to talk something about the specific love between two different genders. There's no right or wrong way to describe love, love can lead people to do all kinds of things: selfish, blind, bold, or meritorious，selfless etc. All the actions result from one person. When I fell in love with someone, I first began to realize this complicated simple truth, this bittersweet feeling. It's like dancing when you walk, and singing when you talk and you're happy just to be alive. But what would happen if you are chasing someone even if the odds are not on you? Perhaps Alan don’t understand the how why and when he could take actions. Perhaps he doesn’t have to. Once upon a time I heard a song: “You can feel the butterflies, sending chills down your spine”. Not until I read this article did I realize the essence of the lines. Butterflies are beautiful, as well as love. But sometimes it acts as a seductive siren; hunting you down to make you contribute yourself and even everything to it. Alan’s decision to go to the potion-maker is like forcing Diana to love him. At this point, love of Alan is not love at all; it is not the mutual feeling from two people. Alan is deceiving not only Diana but himself as well. Even if he got the so called love, it is not the real, natural one. There is nothing like the feeling of being in love and being loved in return, the love potion is the terrible and vicious answer to Alan’s prayers. I do not understand for a long time how the arranged marriage could conceivably work out in the more traditional societies. The love potion is another form of “arranged marriage”, this method of making people fall in love is tragedy because it does not give the other party the freedom to choose. It will inevitably lead to a tragedy as “arranged marriage” has done for centuries. So I’d rather to say it is a horrified fiction or a tragedy. In this story, the author seems to stress the great gap between the price of the love potion and the glove-cleaner or life cleaner. All that Alan needed to do was to comprehend the old man’s warnings. “Lives need cleaning sometimes.” Unluckily, Alan is too one-dimensional to realize that. Chasing the love is like chasing the rainbow, which both are nice and yet elusive. The charm of fishing is that it is the pursuit of something elusive but attainable, but love is another cup of tea. Alan’s chasing is not wrong, but it is the means he resort to that is questionable. It is only true love that we need in our lives.
nil's essay-4My interpretation of super girl Nil In the fall of 2005, nearly one-third of Chinese population, the largest television audience in China’s history—tuned in to watch the season finale of Super Girl, The winner was 21-year-old Li Yuchun from Sichuan province, who won the hearts of teenage girls across China with her notably boyish appearance, masculine stage presence and bold personality.
Li's rise to stardom marks an important turning point in the meaning of Chinese womanhood and the development of a queer identity. It is surprising that not one but two of the finalists (Li and runner-up Zhou Bichang, with a nontraditional feminine appearance) crashed into thousands of years of traditional gender norms with the enthusiastic support of millions of teenage girls, who voted for their favorites by text message, marking the development of a new public female identity separate from the traditional daughter/mother/wife roles that Chinese women are relegated to.
It seems that China may be on the verge of beginning a long-needed dialogue about womanhood. It's all right for two girls to fall in love with one another as long as their desires don't prevent them from remaining married to a man and bearing him children. Homosexuality has never been illegal in China, but particularly lesbianism—is not widely tolerated in China today. Lesbianism—same-sex love and desire between women—has historically been tolerated in China just as same-sex love between men was tolerated in many traditional Asian societies, female same-sex relationships have always been subordinated to the demands of an androcentric, Confucian culture. Li Yuchun's victory may be a reflection of the growing openness about homosexuality in China and, more significantly, a sign of the changing definition of what constitutes a woman. Her supporters are clearly questioning many of the traditional values and roles assigned to Chinese women—a step that is key to developing not only an open lesbian community but a feminist one.
casio translation contest 节选自王蒙<高原的风>人的命运也是一个谜。前半生，他努力改造，努力符合社会要求，包括吸烟、腔调和走路的姿势。他本来声音洪亮、口齿清楚、条理分明，为了不做夸夸其谈的浮躁知识分子，为了与农村的人们打成一片，他学得常常木木讷讷，有时候故把话说乱、丢三落四，吭吭咳咳咹咹。还有拱背低头走路，当然是夹尾巴而不是翘尾巴姿势……结果，命运像落到墨西哥人脸上的拳头雨。 他等了这么久又这么久，他遭受了那么多不公正和不公正，他冬眠了那么多年和那么多年，这一切都有了报偿了！一切都在重生，一切都在复苏，冰河解冻，万树含苞，他整个灵魂和生命在歌唱，犹有（不是岂有）豪情似旧时！他以未曾料及的速度恢复了自己的一切优势：博闻强记，触类旁通，灵活敏捷而又善于表述，何况他还充满了那爆发的久被压抑的工作与服务的热情。他谢绝了留在局里供职的好意的建议，走上教学第一线。 上起课来他已经烂熟，进入化境。不但能掌握内容、掌握进度和节奏，而且他精确如电脑地预见和掌握着自己在课堂上的一举一动一言一笑一措词一声调，与学生的每个情绪征兆配合默契、相为应答。微笑、迷惑、好奇、恍然大悟、失笑、欢欣鼓舞，该出现什么就出现什么，该出现到什么程度就出现到什么程度。学生完全被他征服，五体投地。一堂课时飞快地过去了，戛然而止，学生没有听够，老师比上课以前还神采奕奕。那是一种真正的艺术的圆熟，艺术的无我与无物。 无懈可击，无懈可击，如庖丁解牛，游刃有余!
姓名: 李佩哲
学号: 0601207
The fate is a mystery. In the preceding half of his life, he made efforts to reform himself, exerted himself to be in line with the social demands, including smoking, accent and walking posture. He used to have a resonant voice, a clear utterance, and a coherent structure. In order not to be the scatterbrained intellectual who indulged himself in exaggeration, in order to merge with the rural people, he learned to be frequently insensible, sometimes disordering his choice of words, appearing forgetful, and equivocating. Adding to that he was always bowed and lowered his head when he was walking, no doubt, with his tail between his legs instead of up....As a result, the fate was just like the fist rain fell on the faces of Mexicans.
He has been awaiting for such a long, long time, suffering so much injustice and the unjust, living in dormancy for so many springs and so many autumns; all has a quid pro quo in the end! Everything is in renascence, everything is in recovery. Glaciers thaw; trees are in bud. The whole of his soul and life choirs, which is still (not how) in commend of heroic feelings like old times! He goes unexpectedly full speed to resume all his advantages: encyclopedic knowledge, comprehensiveness by analogy and inference, flexibility and agility, and adeptness in presentation; not to mention that he is full of the outbreak of the long-stifled enthusiasm on work and service. He declined the well-intentioned proposal that to remain serving in the bureau, but stepped on the front line of teaching. When teaching, he knows off his lines pat to perfection. Not only can he master the content, the pace and the rhythm, he predicts and masters his classroom-demeanor accurately like a computer, including every single of act, word, smile, statement and tone. What’s more, he cooperates harmoniously with each emotional symptom of students in tacit understanding, and they act in response to each other. In terms of smiles, confusion, curiosity, epiphany, relieved laughter and elation, he knows well when to put on which and to what extent. The students have been totally conquered in the extreme and admire him from the bottom of their hearts. A class then has passed quickly, coming to a sudden halt, while the students haven’t enjoyed listening to the heart’s extent; the teacher also radiates much more vitality than before the class. It is a great tact of art, the real anatta and nothingness of art. my assigned fragments--act 4act 4
MIRANDA 上场，拿着一本书，乖乖女。 (to herself)oh, he is there!看到费迪南,很惊喜的样子,不由得惊呼出来. You look tired.流露出关心爱怜的表情。
FERDINAND No, noble mistress, I'm as fresh as morning when you're near me, even at night. I beg you to tell me your name so I can use it in my prayers.准备开始表白
MIRANDA Miranda.天真无邪地盯着王子的眼睛回答，但还在迟疑中，没有马上走到王子身边。
FERDINAND Miranda, my Miranda, not every single day, beauty comes my way. Miranda, please tell me the book you are reading, tell me the story of your life.深情款款的样子
MIRANDA Do you love me? 天真无邪
FERDINAND Do you believe in love at first sight? Should I walk by, turn a blind eye, to love, to my Miranda? More than anything else in the world, I love you, value you, and honor you.
PROSPERO (to himself) What a pleasant meeting between two people truly in love! (Ironically)很生气低用讽刺的语气在一旁说着，躲在一棵树后面，并没有被两个恋人发现。 How dare Ferdinand is! Oh, my silly Miranda! 说话声音不由的大了些，但是由于那两人深陷彼此并未察觉什么。
这个时候米兰达因为太激动而哭起来，是小女生那种掩面啜泣，然后当费迪南跟她说话的时候她又瞪大可爱的双眼看着他。 FERDINAND Why are you crying? Hope I’m not disturbing you I don’t mean to rude. Can I take you out, out of this island, I feel if I don’t ask chance will pass, and I’ll never see your face again.
MIRANDA I am a fool. To weep at what I am glad of.
FERDINAND You'll be my wife, dearest, and I'll serve you forever. Please believe me, I could be the man for you, I can make all your dreams come true.说着说着，走得更近了。
MIRANDA Will you be my husband, then? 米兰达往前小小地挪了一步，没有费迪南挪步时那么明显。
FERDINAND Yes, with a heart more eager to bear a husband's responsibilities than a slave ever wanted freedom. Take my hand, darling.
MIRANDA Here's my hand, and my heart….
两人彼此握着双手，凝视双眸。 普上。 PROSPERO stops hiding behind tress and listening secretly enters in a furious anger. PROSPERO Stop talking to my daughter! Miranda, you say farewell to this dirty lad and get back right now!爆发出雷霆般的吼声。
MIRANDA (Not knowing her father’s hatred to FERDINAND, naïve in her face) Father, he…完全不知情，而且甚至还有点高兴地想告诉爸爸自己找到了恋人。
PROSPERO Miranda, my poor daughter, how can you fall in love with the son of my enemy? It is time for an eye to an eye, a tooth for a tooth, the destiny of all the men on the boat is under my control. I want them all go to the hell! 哀痛又生气。
FERDINAND My father is still alive? He is in this island?看着普紧张地问着。 (To Miranda) I must go for him right now. 对米兰达惋惜地说。 A million goodbyes to you.
费迪南下。
MIRANDA Ferdinand…看着费迪南离去的身影，依依不舍，在嘴里默念着。
PROSPERO Miranda , wake up. You’re fascinated by the demon. Your happy life was snatched by his father!
MIRANDA Dear father, please tell me, are you telling the truth?
PROSPERO Hatred strikes me as one of the few signs of life remaining in the world these years. This is another thing about the world which is upside down: all the friendly and likable people seem dead to me; only the haters seem alive. This is my chance of ending their lives!
MIRANDA But father, it’s none of Ferdinand’s business, please don’t harm him.
PROSPERO One day, Ferdinand will become King of Naples, Miranda, go back to your chamber, I don’t want to get cross with you.
MIRANDA Dear father, please don’t be so cruel to them, darkness cannot run out darkness, only light can do that; hate cannot run out hate, only love can do that. I love Ferdinand, please…I’d like to stay with you through my whole life, my only wish is just let them go.
PROSPERO Miranda, go back to your chamber!
MIRANDA Dear father…(crying)
( another PROSPERO appears invisibly)
PROSPERO2: Prospero, Prospero! PROSPERO: Who is it? How dare you are! PROSPERO2: I am you, and you are me. PROSPERO: Are you kidding? Where are you? Come out！ PROSPERO2: Ha-ha， I am inside of your body, I am inside your mind. Prospero, There is no peace in eternal vengeance. An eye for an eye makes the world blind. PROSPERO: Do you think I can stay to become nothing to my country for 12 more years? Do you think I can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? PROSPERO2: Prospero, Alonso is regretting for what he has done to you 12 years before. You and Alonso are old. You can’t neglect the glory won by Alonso as well as you did. But now, both of you can’t carry it on. PROSPERO: I’d be glad of a retaliation that wouldn’t recoil on myself; but treachery and violence are spears pointed at both ends: they wound those who resort to them. But I have to do this because I can’t hold back my furious anger. PROSPERO2: Prospero, what sense will be made when you killed them all? PROSPERO: But I…. PROSPERO2: Old age is a day-by-day confrontation with powerful external forces. The aging process must ultimately be accepted as the natural progression of the life cycle, the old completing their prescribed life spans and making way for the young. Don’t let your old age pass through grief of revenge and hatred. PROSPERO: It is a tragedy even when the early years have been fulfilling. But where’s the remains? PROSPERO2: Prospero, much that is unique in old age derives from the reality of aging and the imminence of death. You must conserve strength where necessary and adjust to those changes and losses. PROSPERO: But now I’m struggling to exist in an inhospitable world! PROSPERO2: How can you receive hospitality while giving inhospitality? Prospero, leave the hold, release the hatred. Ferdinand will be the right king of Naples. He is sincere to your daughter, Miranda once was a princess and now she will be the queen. The happiness she would enjoy is blessed by your decision. PROSPERO: No I need revenge! I had planned for 12 years for this moment! PROSPERO2: No you shall not PROSPERO: No I must, must! PROSPERO2: Think about Miranda, think about your whole life. PROSPERO: No, no I can’t. No. No, Miranda…Miranda my dear daughter…Revenge, no, I shall forgive, no, no, no, I shall not……Ay Ahhh!
举起法杖挣扎后又放下，最后平静下来
PROSPERO Go! Go! All of thee!! Let me alone drink from the bitter wine of love and hatred!!! 站立不动，暴风雨起。。。 (Thunderstorm…).
the play of Shakespear Festival-- class1 plus class 10Tempest (improved version)
Intro
闪电、风雨声以及凄怆、悲烈的音乐 四名守卫押送普洛斯彼罗前往孤岛 守卫全副武装 普洛斯彼罗身着破烂白色囚袍，戴手铐脚镣 聚光灯跟随普洛斯彼罗
Guard 1: Go, you prisoner! From a royal to a betrayer, from a betrayer to a prisoner. You and your evil child, now face the darkness of the endless night! Guard 2: Die, both of you. （普洛斯彼罗摔倒在地，守卫把婴儿扔给普洛斯彼罗，老人颤抖、挣扎着地把女儿抱入怀中。） 守卫下 老人抱婴儿下
ACT 1
旁白：Years passed. The prisoner survived. He tamed the island’s elves and gained magic powers. The little baby girl grew up and became a beautiful damsel. 风雨声 米兰达公主趴在阳台的石栏上，望着暴风雨感到不安、害怕 普洛斯彼罗上，走到米兰达身后 米兰达转过身，对着父亲站起来 Miranda: Papa, if you caused this terrible storm with your magic powers, please stop it. It seems that the sky would rain down boiling hot tar if the sea weren't swelling up to put out its fire. Oh, I suffered along with all the men I watched suffer! A fine ship, with some good people in it, smashed to pieces. Their dying shouts broke my heart! Prospero: （安慰地）Calm down, my girl. There's nothing to get upset about. No harm was done. Miranda: （转身背向父亲，伤心地）Oh, what a horrible day! Prospero: There is no damage, no harm. I have done nothing but in care of thee, Of thee, my dear one—thee my daughter, who Don’t know what thou art nor Who I am or that I'm better than merely Prospero, thy humble father who lives in a poor little shack. Miranda: （天真无瑕地、安静地）It never occurred to me to imagine there was anything more to know. Prospero: My dear, now you’ve grown up. （停顿，思考）I believe it is time for you to know the whole story.
暴风雨声渐息，缓慢弦乐声起 Prospero: Twelve years ago, Miranda, twelve years ago your father was the Duke of Milan, a powerful prince. Miranda: （吃惊地）You’re not my father? Prospero: Your mother was extremely virtuous, and she said you were my daughter. And your father was Duke of Milan, and you were his heir, a princess. Miranda: Good lord! What evil things were done to us that we were driven here? Or was it a blessing that we came here? Prospero: Both, both, my girl. We were pushed out of power by evil deeds, as you call them. But we were blessed in being helped toward this land.（有所隐瞒地） Miranda: Oh, my heart bleeds. But please tell me more. Prospero: （音乐变疾）（语速较快）My brother, your uncle Antonio, whom I trusted to run my state, which at that time was the strongest in the land. Since I was so drawn to studying things like logic, grammar, geometry, and astronomy, I let my control of the government slide a bit. But Antonio tried all means to win over the people who used to be mine. He changed them—remade them. Since he had control over the whole government and everyone in it, he soon made everyone sing his own song—whichever song he happened to like.（越来越生气、愤怒地） He became like the ivy that sticks to the side of the tree, and sucked my vitality out of me. To make his political performance absolutely perfect, he simply had to become the Duke of Milan himself! And at last we became the victims. Miranda: But why didn’t they just kill us? Prospero: Because the people of Milan loved me too much, they had to disguise their bloody intentions. So, to make a long story short, they hurried us onto a ship and carried us a number of miles out to sea. Miranda: Oh, the story breaks my heart. But please, father, still many questions are in my heart, like why you conjure up the storm. Prospero: （严厉地）Enough! No more questions. Miranda: Then why do you suddenly tell me these, papa? Prospero: Because justice will be done soon. Miranda: How… （开始念咒语，打断米兰达的话）
普洛斯彼罗念咒语施法，让米兰达入睡 普洛斯彼罗又用法杖和斗篷唤出小精灵
Prospero: By the power of thy sea, I call up thee; demons of the isle, come to me and serve me well 三小精灵上，衣着花俏，手持魔棒 Elves: （齐声说）What can I do for you, master? Prospero: Demons my servants. My enemies are near. The evil brother of mine is on the voyage. （转身、停顿）How could he ever believe his eyes when my furious magic takes his life? （大笑、戛然而止） （分别对三只小精灵）You, shall wake up the waters of the mighty sea. You shall summon up the great winds of the heavens. And you shall bring out the thunders of the sacred earth. Time’s ripe for revenge. Elves: As you wish, master. 邪恶、低沉音乐起，雷电声 灯光暗， 众人下
ACT 2
强烈的雷雨、风暴、以及船帆和桅杆呼呼作响的声音，急速的音乐 精灵们施法 十水手、安东尼奥、国王阿隆索、王子费迪南、两奸臣等众人同上，船在风雨中剧烈摇晃 M1: Captain, captain! M2: Put down the sail, put down the sail. M3: Three tans are filled with water; we’re not going to hold on M4: Turn left, watch out the reefs! Ferdinand: Hold on, father. Protect the King! M5: The rudder’s broken down, captain. M6: There is no way out! M7: The ship is breaking into half, we’re done. M8: Hold on! Captain: Hold on! 吵闹声弱下来，普洛斯彼罗低沉、可怕的声音伴随雷电声响起 Prospero: Humans. Be prepared to be devoured by the tempest of revenge. Ha ha ha ha ha ha~ 众人下 旁白：The ship was crashed and the crew were scattered. Prince Ferdinand was separated from the king and was driven by the waves to the reefs, while at this time, Miranda happened to be walking along the beach.
Act 3
(Ferdinand is sleeping, Miranda enters.) Miranda：（看到王子，转身对台下观众）What is it？A spirit? How handsome it is. I have never seen anything so noble-looking on earth before. Ferdinand (waking and seeing Miranda): This must surely be the goddess of this island.（此时公主回头看王子）—Please, I beg you to answer me, and how I should behave here. Oh, you marvelous creature!—are you a maiden or a goddess? Miranda: I’m not marvelous, sir, but I’m certainly a maiden. Ferdinand: She speaks my language! Miranda: (to herself) This is the second man that ever I saw, the first that ever I felt romantic feelings for. （to Ferdinand）Then, what can I help you? Ferdinand: I was in the shipwreck, and lost my comrades， Miranda: Ah, how pitiful! Ferdinand: So, would you be so kind as to find me something to eat. Miranda: Be of comfort, I will let you taste the sweetest fruit on the trees, and the cleanest water in the river. Ferdinand: Thank you. They enter. 旁白：Meanwhile, on the other side of the island, two followers of the king are conspiring to kill the king and take the crown. Alonso, Sebastian, Antonio, a concubine Concubine (to Alonso): Please cheer up, sir. You have cause, of joy, for our escape is much beyond our loss. Alonso: No, no, my son’s dead. Please be quiet. You are shouting empty words . Concubine: Sir, he may live. I have no doubt he came alive to land. Alonso: I wish I could sleep—it would stop me from thinking. I am feeling sleepy. Antonio: We two, my lord, will guard you and keep you safe. （国王和小妾同时睡去） Antonio: （面露阴险）What might happen, Sebastian, what might happen? In my imagination I see a crown dropping onto your head. Sebastian: What, art thou waking? Antonio: Although this woman hath here almost persuaded the king his son’s alive, it’s impossible that he survived. Sebastian: Yes, I’ve got no hope that he survived. Antonio: （情绪逐渐高昂）But in that “no hope” there are great hopes for you! Then, in that case, tell me, who’s the next heir of Naples? What a sleep was this for your advancement! Do you understand me? Sebastian: （犹豫状）I think I do. But, for your conscience? Antonio: （略微不屑）Ay,sir. What guilty conscience? I don’t feel anything. Here’s your brother sleeping. I could quickly make him dead with this sword of mine Sebastian: （决心已定）Thy case, dear friend, shall be my precedent. I remember you took the throne from your brother Prospero. As thou got’st Milan, I’ll come by Naples. Draw thy sword. Antonio: Draw together. (Prospero waves his magic wand. Everyone stops suddenly, Prospero enters.) Prospero: I foresee the dangers that Alonso is in through my magic powers. How could you two insidious men kill my enemy? Alonso deserves more. I will kill him by my own hand. Let him beg for mercy on his knees. To guarantee my plans succeed, I’d make sure these men survive. Ariel!（小精灵） (Ariel enters) Ariel (to Prospero): Yes, master! (to the concubine): Open your eyes. Keep a care. Awake, awake! (Prospero waves his magic wand again. Everyone can move now) Antonio: Let’s act quickly! Concubine (waking and seeing them): God preserve the king! Save him! Alonso (waking up): Hey! What’s this? Why are your swords out? Sebastian: (急忙辩解)While we stood here securing you as you slept, we heard a loud roar that sounded like bulls, or lions. Didn’t you hear it? Alonso: I heard nothing. Concubine: Sir, I heard a humming, which did awake me. As my eyes opened, I saw their weapons drawn. There was a certainly noise. We should stand upon our guard, or that we quit this place. Alonso: Lead us away from this ground, and let’s make further search for my poor son. Concubine: For he is, sure, on this island. Alonso: Lead away. (All exit)
Act 4 ,to be continued philosophy lesson's final exam-- translation of David HumeDavid Hume took the genuinely empirical elements in the philosophy of Locke and Berkeley, rejected some lingering metaphysics from their thought, and gave empiricism its clearest and most rigorous formulation. Born in Edinburgh in 1711 of Scottish parents, his early interest in literature soon showed to his family that he would not follow their plan for him to become a lawyer. Though he attended the University of Edinburgh, he did not graduate. He was a gentle person with a tough mind who regarded “every object as contemptible except the improvement of my talents in literature,” feeling “an insurmountable aversion to everything but the pursuits of philosophy and general learning.” He spent the years 1734-1737 in France, under conditions of “rigid frugality,” composing his Treatise of Human Nature. When this book appeared in 1739, Hume was disappointed in its reception, remarking later that “never literary attempt was more unfortunate,” for the book “fell deadborn from the press.” 大卫休谟在哲学上传承了J.洛克和 G.柏克莱的名副其实的经验主义，从他们的思想中摒弃了一些挥之不去的形而上学思想，并给经验主义作了最明确和最严格的简洁陈述。1711年出生在英国爱丁堡的一个苏格兰家庭，他对文学的早期兴趣很快向他的家人表明，他不会遵从父母之命，成为一名律师。虽然大卫曾进入爱丁堡大学学习，但没有毕业。他是一个外柔内刚的人， 认为“不用考虑任何除了增进我的文学天分以外的事物”，感到“难以克制地反感一切，但热衷追求哲学和一般学习”， 1734年至1737年旅居法国，在“极其简朴的生活条件下”，完成了他的哲学巨著《人性论》。这本书于1739年问世时，休谟对它受到得待遇感到甚是失望，评论道 “文学尝试是最不幸的，”因为“它一出版就死产了”。 Hume wanted to build a “science of man,” to study human nature by using the methods of physical science. His wide acquaintance with literature had shown him how often conflicting opinions are offered to readers on all subjects. He considered this conflict of opinions the symptom of a serious philosophical problem: How can we know the true nature of things? If artful authors can lead readers to accept conflicting ideas about morality, religion, and the true nature of physical reality, are these ideas equally true, or is there some method by which to discover the reason for this conflict of ideas? Hume shared the optimism of his day, which saw in scientific method the means for solving all the problems of the universe. He believed that such a method could lead us to a clear understanding of human nature and, in particular, the workings of the human mind. 休谟希望建立一个“人类的科学”体系，运用物理科学方法以研究人的本性。他对文学的熟谙让他知道在所有学科里相互冲突的观点经常会被呈现给读者。他认为这种观点冲突是严重的哲学问题症状：我们如何能够知道事物的真实本质呢？如果技艺精湛的作家可以引领读者接受这些相互冲突的观点--道德观、宗教观以及物理现实的真实性质，这些理念都是同等正确的吗？还是有一些方法能让我们发现观点冲突的原因？休谟有着他那个时代的乐观主义精神，以科学的手段得出解决宇宙所有问题的方法。他坚信，这种方法会带领我们对人类本性有个清醒的认识，尤其是对人的大脑的运作情况的认识。 Causality Hume’s most original and influential ideas deal with the problem of causality. Neiter Locke nor Berkeley challenged the basic principle of causality. Although Berkeley did say that we cannot discover efficient causes in things, his intention was to look for the cause of phenomena and therefore the predictable order of nature in God’s activity. 休谟最具有独创性也是最有影响力的理论是因果问题论。 无论是洛克还是伯克莱都不会向基本原则--因果关系挑战。虽然柏克莱曾说过，我们不能发现事物的有效成因，他意图寻找事物原因的现象，从而寻找在上帝的活动中可预见的自然律。 For Hume, the very idea of causality is suspect, and he approaches the problem by asking the question, “ What is the origin of the idea of causality?” Since ideas are copies of impressions, Hume asks what impression gives us the idea of causality. His answer is that there is no impression corresponding to this idea. How then does the idea of causality arise in the mind? It must be said Hume, that the idea of causality arises in the mind when we experience certain relations between objects. When we speak of cause and effect, we mean to say that A causes B. But what kind of a relation does this show between A and B? Experience furnishes us with two relations: first, there is the relation of contiguity, for A causes B are always close together; second, there is priority in time, for A, the “cause,” always precedes B, the “effect.” But there is still another relation that the idea of causality suggests to common sense, namely, that between A and B there is a “necessary connection.” But neither contiguity nor priority implies “necessary” connection between objects. There is no object, Hume says, that implies the existence of another when we consider objects individually. No amount of observation of oxygen can ever tell us that when mixed with hydrogen it will necessarily give us water. We know this only after we have seen the two together: “ It is therefore by experience only that we can infer the existence of one object from another.” While we do have impressions of contiguity, priority, and constant conjunction, we do not have any impression of necessary connections. Thus, causality is not a quality in the objects we observe but is rather a “habit of association” in the mind produced by the repetition of instances of A and B. 对于休谟，因果关系是令人怀疑的，他在解决问题时问道， “因果关系这一概念的原始成因是什么？ ”，因为思想是印象的拷贝，休谟还问道是什么印象给了我们因果关系的概念。他的答案是我们现在还没有与此概念相应的印象，又怎么会有因果关系这一概念出现在思想中呢？休谟应该是说，因果关系的概念在我们经验与某些事物的关系时出现在我们思想中。当我们谈到因果关系，我们打算说的是，甲导致了乙，但这显示出了甲乙之间的什么关系呢？经验提供给了我们两种关系：第一，接近关系，因为甲导致乙总是紧密相连;第二，接续关系，因为甲这个“原因”始终先行于乙这个“结果” 。但因果关系在常识中还有另一种关系,也就是说， 甲乙之间有一个“必然联系”。但接近关系和接续关系都不意味着事物之间的“必然”联系。休谟说，当我们单独考虑事物时，没有事物会表现出另一事物的存在。观察氧气再多也不能告诉我们当它与氢气混合时，我们会得到水。只有当我们看到这两个元素在一起时的形态，我们才知道这一点：“因此，只是通过经验我们才能从一个事物推断出另一个事物的存在。” 虽然我们确实有接近关系、接续关系和恒常结合的印象，我们并没有任何“必然联系”的印象。因此，因果关系不是我们从事物中观察到的一个性质，而是由于甲乙重复出现而在思想中产生的一个“习惯连接”。 Insofar as Hume assumed that the causal principle is central to all kinds of knowledge, his attack on this principle undermined the validity of all knowledge. He saw no reason for accepting the principle that whatever begins to exist must have a cause of existence as either intuitive or capable of demonstration. In the end, Hume considered thinking or reasoning “a species of sensation,” and as such our thinking cannot extend beyond our immediate experiences.据休谟所说，因果关系是所有知识的核心，他对这一原则的攻击，破坏了所有知识的有效性。他认为没有任何理由接受这样一个原则：无论什么事物，开始存在就必定有一个存在的原因，作为知觉或能力的展示。最后，休谟把思考或推理看作是“一种轰动效应”，因为我们的思想无法超越我们的现世经验。 October 27 essay 3 NilSomeone thinks the advertisements have the negative influence on young people and it should be forbidden. Do you agree? Why or why not?
The advertisements do have various kinds of influence on majority of people, and that’s the main aim and the inherent motivation of the advertisement. The market needs consumption to stimulate production, which would in turn draw up the consumption and instil active elements into the market. Let’s descend to a less formal issue. Money counts in this society. The enterprises and companies make any possible efforts to enlarge their pockets, consigning this important mission to the advertisements. In order to live up to boss’s expectation, advertisement contriver resort to his brainstorm by any means to complete the task. Some products indeed have the desirable advantage, but the contriver just exaggerates it and evades the undesirable disadvantage. Young people are invulnerable to attractions; they think the products would avail them much as the advertisement says. They turn a deaf ear to the peddlers and flood into the stores to claim the so-called “best-seller” or “magic charm winner”, showing a tint of jealousy to those who have the “in” or fashion things that they don’t have yet. But all of foresaid is of no significance in my eyes, it is an inevitable phenomenon. People all love beauty. What’s wrong with it? And buying and selling is a matter of identification of each other. The problem is that whether young people have sharp eyes and minds in bargain. There is no need cancelling or forbidding the advertisements, all the actions taken in market economy should pursue the market rule laid down. Dear young people, Sharp your eyes and minds and enjoy the pleasure of bargain. While you’re admiring the marvellous words in the advertisements, don’t forget the saying: “wit once bought is worth twice taught.” |
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